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                        COORDINATE GEOMETRY Two real number lines that are perpendicular to each other and that intersect at their respective zero points define a rectangular coordinate system . Often called the x-y coordinate system or x-y plane . The horizontal number line is called the x-axis and the vertical number line is called the y-axis . The point where the two axes intersect is called the origin , denoted by O. The positive half of the x-axis is to the right of the origin, and the positive half of the y-axis is above the origin. The two axes divide the plane into four regions called quadrants I , II , III , and IV , as shown in the figure below. Each point P in the x-y plane can be identified with an ordered pair (x, y) of real numbers and is denoted by P (x, y). The first number is called the x-coordinate, and the second number is called the y-coordinat...
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                                            Probability Probability means the chance of the occurrence of an event. In layman terms, we can say that it is the likelihood that something- that is defined as the event will or will not occur. In probability, our first approach is to define the event and then we approach to find out the probability of an event or we approach to find out the chance of the occurrence of an event. Sample space This is defined with respect to a random experiment and denotes the set representing all the possible outcomes of the random experiment. For example: - Sample space when a coin is tossed is S = (Head, Tail). Sample space when a dice is thrown is S = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Sample space when two dices are thrown is S = (1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)     ...
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                    Permutation and Combination In this chapter, we shall learn about some basic counting techniques which will be useful in determining the number of different ways of arranging and selecting objects without actually listing them. Fundamental principle of multiplication- Suppose student Mohan has 3 pants and 2 shirts. How many different pairs of a pant and shirt can he dress up with? There are three ways in which a pant can be chosen. For 1 st pant-------------any of the two shirts can be chosen---------2 ways For 2 nd pant-------------any of the two shirts can be chosen---------2 ways For 3 rd pant--------------any of the two shirts can be chosen----------2 ways For every pant, there are two shirts, therefore, he can dress up with 3 x2 = 6.    Let the three pants be P1, P2 and P3 and two shirts be S1, S2 and S3. Above can be easily understood by using this diagram: For every p...
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